0000004735 00000 n I hope that we won’t forget that work category with assistant nurses, and we have to give them respect….” (P.14). The IDF's [Israel Defense Forces] primary concern has suddenly become the Corona, which is something it has begun to manage. So you look at that, you know, you go back to the pizza delivery. Some reinforced the opinion that the government poorly handled the pandemic: “I don’t know how many companies will survive. Nobody should be open.” (P.2), “Devastating effects nationwide and it has created… an incredible fear and a lot of people and a greater divide…One that is extremely concerned for their health and you know still probably even scared to go out in public. In Sweden, the average lodging occupancy rate dropped 34% from August 2019 to August 2020, resulting in a financial loss of 1.6 billion Swedish kronor ($182 million USD) (Nyhetsrummet, 2020), and the US lodging occupancy rate showed a year-over-year decrease of 30% (Lock, 2020b). Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media - Leverage Edu Mair J., Ritchie B.W., Walters G. Towards a research agenda for post-disaster and post crisis recovery strategies for tourism destinations: a narrative review. Received 2020 Dec 1; Accepted 2020 Dec 7. Impact Of Social Media On The Hospitality Industry | Bartleby Unfortunately, this ended abruptly in late February and early March 2020. Open Document. According to Schroeder and Pennington-Gray (2014) public health-related crises, such as epidemics, are always covered by the media in a negative light. Employment in the hospitality industry has never been as high or as in the last few years. The way that I'm seeing that we have more people staying in our hotels who are not seasoned travelers. And I think, you know, we've really done a 180 where we've now stepped back. The act of responding and connecting with those guests online is defined as "social listening.". Hofstede G., Hofstede G.J., Minicov M. 3. In Israel, the personal effects of COVID-19 were most expressive and portrayed a strong sense of loss in the business and intense emotions about family, colleagues, and uncertainty. 51 years old, how easy is it to find a job? the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Kristjansdottir H. Tourism in a remote Nordic region: vat, internet, oil, English, distance, Hofstede, and Christianity. Swedes live by the Lagom (just the right amount), enforced by “Jante Law” (egalitarian lifestyle), which repels a masculine lifestyle. 1 How a Hotel Convention Became Ground Zero for This Deadly Bacteria. Israel, with a score of 54, is on the border between individualistic and collectivistic, with some families focusing on the parent–child relationship instead of the extended family, and others focusing on the relationship of the family, as a whole, in society (Hofstede Insights, 2020). In Israel, the lodging industry is losing $142 million a month, according to the Israel Hotel Association (JNS, 2020). I am not thinking about the number of deaths; I am thinking about the number of people who died alone! Which are the advantages? The Ebola virus caused its victims to experience fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, and the death rate was very high. 269 0 obj Interviews in Sweden were conducted in English, so no translation was necessary. Historically, once in a century, there is an epidemic, so we are part of history. Food Safety News; 2013. Travel, Tourism & Hospitality. With a score of 62, the USA is the opposite of Sweden and a masculine society. . We knew that the restrictions were coming, so I wished we got more help.” (P.3). Individualism is a huge part of US culture. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. (PDF) THE CHALLENGES OF IMPLEMENTING SOCIAL MEDIA ... - ResearchGate Without their open and sincere answers in this study would not have been possible. endobj What steps should be taken to mitigate the above effects in your organization? Here are some of the examples: “It's awful! Kristjansdottir (2019) found that Hofstede’s cultural dimensions suggested that only uncertainty avoidance and individualism positively impacted tourism inflow, while power distance, masculinity, and orientation had a negative impact on tourism. We will benefit from Sweden; we will start to buy more things from Sweden in Sweden. I think the ones who survived this, may not.” (P.11). "(P.2), “I found myself talking to employees at night, whereas during normal times, it was not meant to be like that. The authors are also grateful for the financial support provided by Jonas Nordén’s memorial fund. This is where the personal and emotional issue comes in a bit, we are all human beings and you must think about the implications for the people” (P3). xref Across all three countries in this study, participants unanimously pointed out a lack of unity to fight pandemic worldwide. And it shouldn't be… it's not about one political party or the other, but it surely seems to me that it's become political…. This means that if you post a video, it will be shown to more people. Have employees been laid off or furloughed? Henderson J., Ng A. Hence, we offered a summary of the study results to all participants. Restraint stands for a society that suppresses gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms (Hofstede Insights, 2020). Hotels and the Hospitality industry as a whole has undergone some changes due to the rise and growth of social media. “Most of them are on unpaid leave because there are a lot of veteran employees here; many of them have accrued a lot of days off over the years. The education category was mainly bachelor degrees (U.S. 11, Israel 8, and Sweden 11). 280 0 obj Yin R.K. 5th ed. Social Media Hits and Misses: Impact on Hospitality — LODGING Technology is paramount to the success of the industry. Nov. 18. For example, in 1976, Bellevue Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia experienced a fatal Legionnaires’ disease outbreak and closed four months later due to a drop in bookings, which went from 80% occupancy to as low as 3% (Markel, 2018). Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives ... Social Media & Hospitality Industry . Israel has the lowest (13) power distance score and it shows in the participants’ perceptions: “We are in quite serious confusion. And today, six months in retrospect, the situation there is not worse than in other countries.” (P11). These sites provide a platform for a rating system that can be used to generate, monitor, and evaluate reputation and image of the . SST was used to examine the interrelations between individuals and their communities, such as hospitality organizations, the hospitality industry, the country, and the world as they relate to the COVID-19 pandemic. It will be interesting to see how the priorities in the world change once the world starts to recover.” (P.12), “I think what will happen the day after, unfortunately, is that there will be a reduction in globalization, I mean… we have traveled too much for every little thing, I am in the field of tourism, and I wish it comes back, but I think we will see a reduction.” (P.7), “At first, I thought the Corona was fiction not because of the trade wars between the U.S. and China. Some participants observed increased unity in their communities and the importance of mutual support supporting the feminine attribute of the culture (Hofstede, 1980). The Effects of social media networks in the hospitality industry How do you feel about your own job security? A lot of my employees decided that they would not work in this environment because of their fear of either infecting themselves or infecting someone within their family.” (P.2), “In a big way…we closed doors for a hotel in March I think it was initially, just the two weeks and obviously that is not the case… there's several months’ business interruptions for this organization here and the same pictures our hotels around the world… a huge number of properties within the brand, of course, have had to close their doors due to local restrictions or just lack of business. How did the events of COVID-19 affect your geographical and/or social community? Share What's in this article? On average, interviews lasted 60 min. Over the recent years, guest behaviour in hotel industry has changed significantly and key focus of hotel operators involves exceeding guest expectations to increase guest satisfaction and competitive advantage (Sigala et al., 2012).… The sample sizes were consistent with previous influential qualitative research methodology recommendations. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs . We hope to offer a few key takeaways for managers based on our current knowledge: 11 min. The five dimensions are individualism vs collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity and long-term vs. short-term orientation. Travellers have high standards and regard restaurants as important travel attributes. Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Yet, as it turns out, the Internet and other digital perks of the modern world have both benefits and flaws. 0000017498 00000 n Kuo H., Chen C., Tseng W., Ju L., Huang B. Assessing impacts of SARS and avian flu on international tourism demand to Asia. ). People continued to work, were not harmed financially. Although I do not like the United States withdrawing, they, like others, should increase their demands on the WHO “(P.1), “Cooperation and communication. There was a strong consensus that this is the worst experience they had in their careers and how hard it was to plan for the future. The left-hand does not know what the right hand is doing; the coalition and the opposition are fighting each other much harder. Sweden remains open to innovative ideas, as does the USA (46), which allows for advances in society and deviation from norms, resulting in freedom of expression (Hofstede Insights, 2020). The travel industry is among the early adopters of new technologies and solutions. Jack in the Box and the Decline of E. coli. The biggest impact was the restriction of that you were not allowed to meet in bigger groups.” (P.2). Which are the advantages? Of course, I am thinking about it. Finally, participants hoped that globalization would be reduced, and people would appreciate their own countries. Hofstede G. SAGE; 1980. I don’t know, I feel like I'm sitting on the fence, looking and waiting to see what happens next. Social media has grown into one of the most useful digital marketing tools for business owners and corporations and is designed to feed us information at a fast-moving speed. Was the country prepared for a disaster of this magnitude? Plecher H. Statista; 2020. Kozak M., Crotts J., Law R. The impact of the perception of risk on international travelers. Does it exist at all? 0000007105 00000 n On the positive side, hospitality leaders in the USA find increased feelings of empathy and compassion. The same is apparent in Sweden, too. I think brands like ABC have done a very nice job.” (P.14). What steps were taken by the industry and its leadership to mitigate the effects of COVID-19? SARS And Its Impact on Tourism in Toronto. x��X]��6}�� �� ��EQ4�d�,&E��f�H�Ac�c������H}Pc��.��{,���|ul�M�n�7�,W�C����:5�~�^��^� #�}H�>�V�x���C�+�$|��_`����/6�(B�����^,o���1wQ��~��������3ظX�%$��}Y��w��?��o��~^�}���Q��� �!���F%f�0�� ��yA-���. We’ve received some information saying that nobody knows what’s going to happen come fall. Yes, please. Some segments are thriving and I think they'll continue to thrive. <>/Border[0 0 0]/Contents()/Rect[72.0 612.5547 388.4702 625.4453]/StructParent 3/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Henderson J.C. Corporate social responsibility and tourism: hotel companies in Phuket, Thailand, after the Indian Ocean tsunami. endobj Only valuable tips on how to grow your business. Writing up Qualitative Research. <>/Metadata 263 0 R/Outlines 216 0 R/Pages 254 0 R/StructTreeRoot 221 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> We will also become suspicious against other countries, and at the same time, someone will start to get suspicious against Swedish authorities and the government. What steps should be taken by the WHO and its leadership in the future to prevent or mitigate the effects of similar events? Elflein . The effect of national culture on consumers’ evaluation of travel services. Israel: Distribution of Employment by Economic Sector From 2010 to 2020. The final sample totaled 45 participants, 15 from the USA, 16 from Israel, and 14 from Sweden. Reicherter E.A., Billek-Sawhney B. Sweden scores 71 in individualism, confirming the similarities between Sweden and the USA. it's every man for himself. Social Media in Healthcare: Benefits and Opportunities Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. In Sweden, there is an awareness that poor handling of the pandemic and subsequent negative press damaged the “brand” of Sweden. Specifically, Dukes (1984) recommends 3–10 participants, Wolcott (2008) any participant above one, Yin (2014) 4–5 cases, and Creswell and Poth Cheryl (2018) advises that sampling should continue until the study reaches saturation (e.g., the information provided by participants is repetitive). Some examples of discussions are: “In an almost inexplicable way, we have been down by 98% in the business, and we lost all catering revenues in 7 days’ other operations down by a minimum of -50%. Thus, women are mainly underrepresented in high leadership positions, which is reflected in our sample. Some expressed strong pessimism and uncertainty about the future impact: “A lot… I believe that a lot of people’s dreams disappeared overnight. I have the same positive view as a few months ago.” (P. 12). I'm mad, I'm disappointed. The Pros and Cons of Working in Hospitality: A Definitive Guide - Indeed For example, some participants said: “We made a donation to “Feeding Tampa”, we had raised money. No one is out, and I live in the city center, so we had noticed especially in the beginning that no one was out - now it’s better, though.” (P.3). This was a perfect opportunity for us to help to generate meals for our theme Tampa.” (P.3), “The biggest thing for me personally is the social connection with my friends, and they would say the same thing…it was probably the biggest impact. 0000003000 00000 n Feeling of crisis, we’ve gone through a lot of crises in the industry, but we haven’t had a crisis which led to a complete stop to 0% work. In this essay, the advantages and disadvantages of technology in the hospitality industry are explored. Retrieved from: Lock S. Statista; 2020. Social networking sites are originally used for entertainment purposes however an increase in the use of Internet and information communication technologies has shifted the way people communicate with each other, mainly in the hospitality and tourism industries (Assenov & Khurana, 2012; Clark & Roberts, 2010). In the USA specifically, participants indicated that there would be a reduction in international travel, and some mentioned disagreement with the USA withdrawal from WHO. I do not know; maybe because of my point of view, the focus is mainly on the economic crisis. endobj We realized that we had to help each other out and take responsibility to try and stop the spreading of the virus within the community.” (P.9). 0000002272 00000 n Instead of selling we are busy with refunds, reports, discussions with suppliers, with customers… legal matters.” (P.13), “I’m considering everything. Nigeria was also severely impacted by Ebola (Bali et al., 2016). 0 I'm trying to say that for me, yes, we’ve lowered prices and did marketing… it works, and if they had not closed us back then we would’ve been able to continue working, and if the next wave is not so terrible, we are in business and growing. Retrieved from: Racherla P., Hu C. A framework for knowledge-based crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry. h�b```�5���� cg`a�耉8100r@�mJ�c���PΤ�ĀՇ�� ��\����K���]�p%A���\C��������-'$�9b��kt� 0l[pRH�CF� Statista; 2020. I think the ones who did not work through this [COVID-19]. Sorry, you know, yesterday we love you, we love you, we love you. Lugosi P., Robinson R.N., Golubovskaya M., Foley L. The hospitality consumption experiences of parents and carers with children: a qualitative study of foodservice settings. Now it seems, every country has fended for itself. On the positive side, unlike the USA, the Israeli participants are not rediscovering family connections but seem to already have a strong family connection and seek solace in it. e d u / t h e s e s d i s s e r t a t i o n s)/Rect[230.8867 317.3227 473.4307 329.0414]/StructParent 4/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> Was the current economic assistance provided by the federal government fair? Again supporting Hofstede (1980) finding for a very high score of uncertainty avoidance. Some researchers have studied the effects of such outbreaks on the hospitality and restaurant industry. Remarkably, as the discussion progressed to the bigger picture (industry), Americans started to show more signs of a masculinity side of individualism in business (action), but on the personal level, as indicated before, they showed more compassion and a more feminine dimension. A 2013 Nielsen survey found that of those who used social media to research travel plans, only 48% stuck with their original plans—33% switched hotels. You're the best, you're, you know, our employees are the best and all. The huge distrust in the government that exists here, because of the truly scandalous treatment of this crisis, so I do not know, it's like everyone else you know, people continue to live, adapt to it, say "it's surreal, it's surreal".” (P.5), “I think the Corona has simply woken people up, each in his/her own way. Israelis earn respect in their careers through experience; everyone relies on each other and expects to be consulted when decisions are made. and Crotts and Pizam (2003) found that national cultures affect the evaluation of travel services and ultimately the willingness to do repeat purchases. On an individual level, most of the participants in all three countries displayed strong emotions of despair, stress, anxiety, denial, fear for the unknown, concerns for their jobs, and worry for the wellbeing of their families. This is the first study that we know of that combines SST and Hofstede’s cultural model and that applied this framework to evaluating pandemic events in the hospitality industry.
